through diesel use . However , the hybrid system is more economical as compared to the diesel system . The study conducted on a hybrid system revealed that a hybrid of PV system and diesel is more economical in the generation of electricity . Moreover , this system is optimal in satisfying the needs of different energy generation systems with different load factors and only requires the use of batteries and PV arrays with different frequencies ( Rehman 2010 ).
A research was conducted in Kuwait on the installation of building integrated photovoltaic modules ( BIPV ) by using transparent silicon solar cells . A long-term monitoring of this implanted design was performed over a period of two years to determine its effectiveness . It is observed that the energy generation per unit power output of this plant is found to be 48.4 kWh in a month and around 580.5 kWh / year . However , the silicon solar cells were also replaced with azimuth , which reported that azimuth allows better solar radiation for power generation in PV modules . The use of BIPV system was helpful in maximizing the output but needs to be used with care for receiving optimal output . It is suggested that azimuth of BIPV system should be placed at an inclination of 50 ° towards south . The use of self-shade was evident to reduce the efficiency of energy generation and hence inclination of the PV array is necessary . It is further evaluated that the energy production efficiency could be increased up to 47 % by changing the azimuth and shading characteristics ( Yoon 2011 ).
Conclusions
A study was conducted to investigate the trends of solar irradiance in Kuwait throughout a year . The following conclusions could be drawn from the results : The day-to-day variation of irradiance in the season of spring was found to be high . This was suggested to be due to sand storm activities as reported by the meteorology office . On the other hand , the variation was small in difference season .
The highest irradiation occurred during the summer . As expected , the lowest irradiation occurred during the winter . The difference between irradiations in summer and winter was about three times . The average monthly irradiation energy is 170.4 kWh / m ² and the standard deviation was relatively high at 61.3 kWh / m ², implying that there would be months during which the irradiation would be far below the average value . Consequently , if a solar harvesting system is designed based on the average value , there will be shortage of power supply from January to March and from October to December . As a result , a backup power system would be required in order to make up for the electrical power load demand .
It is evident from the literature analysis that PV system is extremely significant in reducing the cost and maximizing the efficiency of power generation in Kuwait and in other countries globally . The properties of the solar panels have been discussed in detail to develop consensus on the fact that these systems if used appropriately are significant in optimizing the power generation capacity and reducing the load .
The findings fact that Photovoltaic solar panels are the most appropriate method of producing electricity in Kuwait . It should be noted that the geographical location of Kuwait is the biggest advantage for the implementation of solar technology . Kuwait has a sunny and warm climate and is self-sufficient in solar energy . Hence , the storage of solar energy and its persistent availability makes solar panel a cost-effective solution .
Integration of solar energy systems to reduce environmental impacts in Kuwait 569