ZEMCH 2015 - International Conference Proceedings | Page 220

ly, mortar used for floors and walls which in directly connected to the water and plaster used for
dome and the top which is in dry area and under the sun.
Nowadays, because of the difficulties in making mortar material, architecture is using cement
instead of mortar, which does not have the same value of mortar. In addition to the design of the
cistern in the past, they were building two shelters with stone platform attached to the cistern
for passengers and caravans whom were passing that way, but in nowadays, they do not apply
it anymore. The way to the access of water source was stone stairs, which has been made inside
the cistern periodically. The amount of the stairs was depending on the size of the cistern. In the
front of the cistern in direction of water flow were small, hence pond this part protects water from
waste and suspended things.
This specification was applied in cisterns out of the city as well with a small difference. In cisterns
out of the city there were platform in the direction of Qebla (Muslims’ pray direction) for passengers who want to pray in the comfortable place. Mostly the cisterns belonged to Safavie Empire
(1502 - 1736) which has been repaired after.

Figure 14: Holes around the cistern (SEEIRAN 2011)
Current Water and Climate Situation in Evaz
Lack of water and hot climate has created the reason for native people to immigrate. Since long
time back Evaz faced with a problem of drinking water. In the past, the city’s tap water was salty, it
was only for use of washing, and watering the plants, however in January 2008, they have started
to use fresh water piping network of the city of Salman Farsi Dam. Although Evaz is still facing
with the same problem of water and using the water from cisterns to supply its water demand
became an issue because the abundance of fresh water that is subject to sufficient rainfall to fill
the Salman Farsi Dam. In the past and today, the main source of drinking water and of this city
were large stocks of the cisterns inside and outside of the city. According to the latest statistics,
about 750 large and small cisterns (water reservoirs) to supply drinking water in the city made by
the people of the region (IAU 2015).
Problems of Cisterns:
The first problem, which has been mentioned in the research, was lack of rainfall, which is related to the climate conditions; some other problem has been created in these years and was the
reason to stop using some of the cisterns. The quality of water after drought reduces because for

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ZEMCH 2015 | International Conference | Bari - Lecce, Italy