Popular Culture Review Vol. 25, No. 1, Winter 2014 | Page 51

The Case of the Dying Kimono 47 subdued kimono, such as a solid color or iromuji kimono, so as not to detract from the simplicity of the Chado. The aesthetic of the tea ceremony embraces values such as simplicity, asymmetry, age, roughness, austerity, and monochrome color. These ideals extend to the clothing of both host and guest.^’ Students of other traditional arts including dance, Kyudo (traditional archery), and the martial arts often wear kimono or other traditional clothing. Artisans and craft workers have also been inspired by kimono design and fabric. Since many antique and vintage kimono are stained or damaged, they are often repurposed into pillows, scarves, dresses and other decorative items. In January 2013, Etsy had about 12,000 listings of handmade items created from repurposed kimono, haori and obi or inspired by kimono design or fabric. These items included Wa Loli dresses, pillows, slippers, business card cases, evening bags and crib mobiles.^* Since the most compelling forces in contemporary society are activities involved in interpersonal relationships, kimono culture in the United States is a way that people can group themselves to give their lives meaning. Studying, wearing, and collecting kimono are ways for humans to organize their lives by means of their consumption choices through the creation of a subculture of consumption.^^ A consumption group is characterized by “an identifiable, hierarchical social stmcture; a unique ethos, a set of shared beliefs and values; and unique jargons, rituals and modes of symbolic expression...Such a subculture typically encounters, in certain products and activities, cultural meanings that ultimately become articulated as homologous styles or ideologies of consumption.”^® For many members of the kimono community, especially cosplayers or reenactors, the creation of a consumption community “allows the creation of a fantasy time and place defined by experiences, objects, and activities.”^* While many of these interactions take place in a face-to-faee environment such as reenactment events, anime or manga conventions, antique shows or Japanese cultural activities, the internet and social media allow the community to expand to men and women who will never actually meet. Clothing is an indicator of the ideas, beliefs and affiliation of the wearer and this is also true of the kimono community. Although composed of disparate groups with different goals, aesthetics, and values, the surge in kimono interest suggests that wearers may be indicating a desire to disengage from the stress and conformity of life in twenty-first century American culture through the creation of a fantasy world, the