Popular Culture Review Vol. 20, No. 1, Winter 2009 | Page 35

James Bond 007 and the Name of the Order 31 Bond), most of the scholarly criticism on James Bond has been either of an historical nature (as Chapman’s License to Thrill: A Cultural History o f the James Bond Films or Black’s The Politics o f James Bond: From Fleming's Novels to the Big Screen) or resolutely post-modern, as represented by some of the approaches featured in the The James Bond Phenomenon: A Critical Reader and particularly in the recent Ian Fleming & James Bond: The Cultural Politics O f 007. Since Eco’s essay “Narrative Structures in Fleming,” very little has been done in terms of structural and semiotic approaches (Ladenson’s “Pussy Galore,” Stock’s “Dial M for Metonym” in The James Bond Phenomenon) and never from a comprehensive point of view. Ian Fleming’s interview in Reader’s Digest, quoted in Chancellor. See also the YouTube video of Ian Fleming’s interview “How Ian Fleming created James Bond.” The Listerdale Mystery by Agatha Christie, published in 1934 by Collins for the Crime Club series of books, included 12 short stories, among which we find “The Rajah’s Emerald,” reprinted in 2002 along with others by Macmillan under the title The Golden Ball and Other Stories. The credit for the finding belongs to the James Bond 007 Magazine online. 4 Whether the name “James Bond” came from Birds o f the West Indies or from a memory of reading Agatha Christie which Ian Fleming did not acknowledge will remain an unsolved mystery, showing in passing the limitations of biographically oriented historical criticism; Ian Fleming might have lied in order to prevent any type of relationship with another best-selling author, or simply because he considered the story of Birds o f the West Indies more exotic or literary. It is also possible that he honestly did not remember Agatha Christie’s story. The structuralist analysis, however, focusing solely upon the text does provide us with an interesting clue: “The Hilldebrand Raritie” published in the Fleming’s collection of short stories Octopussy present an identical narrative structure to that of Christie’s Murder On the Orient Express and uses a similar setting as Death on the Nile. 5 See Ian Fleming describing how and why he chose the name James Bond in “How Ian Fleming created James Bond.” YouTube video. Eco speaks of “economical” by opposition to “uneconomical” interpretation when the connotations reinforce the semantic value of the syntagm (Interpretation and Overinterpretation, 67-71). By adopting instead the notions of complementarity and supplementarity, we can distinguish more clearly the type of information that supplements the text, i.e., biographical circumstances, historical context, and that which complements it, i.e., the connotations found within the text which establish a semiotic code complementing the narrative syntagm. 7 The latest James Bond film. Quantum o f Solace, not yet released as I write these lines, presents as well a James Bond brave to the point of disobeying M and transcending the rules of M16. Most graphic representations of James Bond show him holding a gun in a vertical, albeit slightly slanted, direction, as in the very first French editions of Fleming’s novels (Plon, 1964-66) or as in one of the posters announcing the up-coming film Quantum o f Solace-, the only noticeable difference is that the gun has grown much larger. 9 In English, “to be ballsy, to have balls”; in Spanish “Tener cojones\ tener huevos”; in French: “Avoir des couilles au cul."