Popular Culture Review Vol. 18, No. 2, Summer 2007 | Page 73

Theremin Blind By September of 1938, American listeners had become accustomed to new and eerie sounds as they tuned their radios on Thursday nights to follow the crime-fighting adventures of the Green Hornet. The mysterious buzz of his “Hornet’s sting” that introduced the program was a relatively new sound created by the electronic instrument, the Theremin. The announcer followed with a declaration that the Hornet “hunts the biggest of all game—public enemies who try to destroy our America!” While the fictional masked Hornet was busy fighting spies, traitors, and other criminals, the Theremin’s inventor, Leon Theremin, had completed his espionage work in the United States, and was being whisked back to his homeland of Russia aboard the ship the Stmy Bolshevik (Glinsky 190). Theremin’s long and fascinating life was shrouded in mystery. Researchers and historians still dispute his motives, and whether certain events in his life actually occurred. There is no disagreement, though, that Theremin was brilliant, creative, charming, and charismatic. He created not only the Theremin—one of the world’s first synthesizers—but also a wide array of devices, from wireless alarm systems to surveillance equipment. Even here, the evidence is murky. Did Theremin invent the first RFID (radio frequency identification device)? There is widespread belief that he did, as verified by no less an authority than a newsletter of the Information Systems Security Association. In December of 2005, the ISSA newsletter of the Baltimore chapter said: “In 1945 Leon Theremin invented an espionage tool for the Soviet government. Even though this device was a passive covert listening device, not an identif ication tag, it has been attributed as the ‘first known’ device and a predecessor to RFID technology” (Dollen 2). On the other hand, another authority, the RFID Resource Center, has said that “although some people think that the first known device may have been invented by Leon Theremin as an espionage tool for the Russian Government in 1945, the first real usage of RFID devices predates that. During World War II the United Kingdom used RFID devices to distinguish returning English airplanes from inbound German ones” (“History of RFID Tags”). To add to the conflision (and there definitely is confusion here—the language is virtually identical, although it is unclear which of these Internet sources used the phrase first) Kenny Fong of Southern Illinois University’s Computer Science Department, also has written of the “Identify Friend or Foe (IFF) systems to distinguish returning British airplanes from inbound German ones” (Fong 13). Fong, nevertheless, went further to allege that Theremin invented the infamous “RFID listening device (‘bug’), which was embedded in a wooden plague [sic] and presented to the American ambassador Averell Harriman in Moscow by Soviet schoolchildren in 1946.” Harriman hung the plaque on a wall in the