Popular Culture Review Vol. 18, No. 1, Winter 2007 | Page 11

Chef Appeal its early murmurs in the 1980s. Many are chef-inspired fantasy kitchens—or, more accurately, fantasy-chef inspired kitchens, since most chefs don’t actually work in such spaces. But nowhere is the recent rise in chef appeal more seriously manifested than in the booming business of people wanting to actually become chefs. Increases in cooking school enrollment began to be noted in the early 1990s. At the time, these were associated with the 1980s boom in restaurant openings—the growth of the hospitality industry in general—which continued to strengthen in the 1990s and into the 2000s, making the restaurant industry the largest privatesector employer in the U.S. There was a 10 percent increase in culinary school admissions in 1991, which outpaced the average increase for all private vocational schools by 3 percent. For the period between 2000 and 2004, the Wall Street Journal reported a 40 percent increase in culinary-school-degreeprogram enrollment." A couple of years later, a Business Week Online feature entitled “Cooking School Craze” announced that the Culinary Institute of America experienced a 35 percent increase in admissions between 2001 and 2005, the French Culinary Institute saw a 59 percent increase over the same period, and the New England Culinary Institute counted a 30 percent increase in enrollment between 2002 and 2005.^ The story of rising enrollment could be considered just part of the larger tale of expansion in the restaurant industry, and the product of greater numbers of cook positions available to an increased population who are not necessarily chef enthusiasts and might otherwise take up a variety of other trades—except for an intriguing subplot of career-change. According to the latest edition of Andrew Dornenburg and Karen Page’s authoritative guide. Becoming a (2003), over 45 percent of those enrolled at the California Culinary Academy arrived with professional backgrounds outside of the foodservice industry. In the “Cooking School Craze” feature of three years later, the presence of career-changers continued to be emphasized, along with their intentions, which reportedly ranged from starting their own businesses to simply learning to cook better. In The Reach of a C/76?/’(2006), Michael Ruhlman adds that, at the Culinary Institute of America, the standard-bearer of culinary education in the U.S., the demographics of ♦he student body had recently changed in a way quite uncharacteristic of academic colleges. As many as 15 to 20 percent of the students are those who are shifting careers. Already it is clear that there is no single portrait of chef appeal. There are different audiences for chefs and different chefs for different audiences. People make varying degrees of commitment to spend their money on chefinspired passions, or in how they model themselves after chefs. Some people specialize in cooking for their friends. Others need go no further than watching chefs on television. In 2003, the senior vice president for programming and production at the Food Network admitted as much: “We really are two channels. One for people who want to take ideas and do them themselves and one for those who just want to watch people cooking.” Likewise, the rollouts of the