Military Review English Edition January-February 2017 | Page 127

LETTER TO THE EDITOR creating a development plan . These improvements will help increase the effects of MSAF . Whatever the design features and implementation decisions , the impact of any program ultimately depends on how leaders use it .
Notes
1 . Kevin McAninch , “ How the Army ’ s Multi-Source Assessment and Feedback Program Could Become a Catalyst for Leader Development ,” Military Review 96 , no . 5 ( September-October 2016 ): 84 – 93 .
2 . Department of the Army Pamphlet 350-58 , Leader Development for America ’ s Army ( Washington , DC : U . S . Government Publishing Office [ GPO ], 2013 ); The Army Training and Leader Development Panel Officer Study Report to the Army ( Fort Leavenworth , KS : Combined Arms Center , 2003 ).
3 . Angela I . Karrasch , Technical Report 2006-1 , The Army Leader Assessment and Feedback Program ( Fort Leavenworth , KS : Center for Army Leadership [ CAL ], 2006 ); All Army Activities ( ALARACT ) Message 124 / 2008 , “ Multi-Source Assessment and Feedback Program ,” 12 May 2008 ; Army Regulation ( AR ) 350-1 , Army Training and Leader Development ( Washington , DC : U . S . GPO , 2014 ). The requirement is being moved from AR 350-1 to AR 600-100 , Army Leadership .
4 . National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014 , Pub . L . No . 113-66 , § 571 , 127 Stat . 672 ( 2013 ).
5 . Chaitra M Hardison et al ., 360-Degree Assessments : Are They the Right Tool for the U . S . Military ? ( Santa Monica , CA : RAND , 2015 )
6 . Chief of Staff of the Army Gen . Mark A . Milley , cited in “ Commander 360 Program ,” Stand-To ! Website , 15 March 2016 , accessed 1 December 2016 , https :// www . army . mil / standto / archive _ 2016-03-15 /.
7 . Ryan Riley et al ., Technical Report 2015-1 , 2014 Center for Army Leadership Annual Survey of Army Leadership ( CASAL ): Military Leader Findings ( Fort Leavenworth , KS : CAL , 2015 ), 88 . 8 . Ibid . 9 . Unpublished findings from the 2016 MSAF program evaluation conducted by the CAL , Fort Leavenworth , Kansas . 10 . Ibid . 11 . Ibid . 12 . Technical Report 2015-1 , CASAL : Military Leader Findings , 89 . 13 . Unpublished findings from the 2016 MSAF program evaluation conducted by the CAL , Fort Leavenworth , Kansas . 14 . Joshua Hatfield and John P . Steele , Technical Report 2010-2 , 2009 Center for Army Leadership Annual Survey of Army Leadership ( CASAL ): Army Education ( Fort Leavenworth , KS : CAL , 2010 ), 23 – 26 .
15 . Two examples : Jay A . Conger , “ Developing Leadership Capability : What ’ s Inside the Black Box ?” The Academy of Management Executive 18 , no . 3 ( 2004 ): 136 – 39 ; David V . Day et al ., “ Advances in Leader and Leadership Development : A Review of
25 Years of Research and Theory ,” The Leadership Quarterly 25 , no . 1 ( 2014 ): 63 – 82 .
16 . The initial directive was ALARACT 124 / 2008 . Guidance was later codified in AR 350-1 , Army Training and Leader Development .
17 . U . S . Army Training and Doctrine Command ( TRADOC ) Pamphlet 350-10 , Institutional Leader Training and Education ( Fort Eustis , VA : TRADOC , 2002 ).
18 . Faculty and advanced coaching guides are available on “ Leader Development Tools ,” Virtual Improvement Center ( VIC ), MSAF website , https :// msaf . army . mil / Home / LeadOn . aspx ( CAC required ); “ Leader Development Resources ,” CAL website , accessed 1 December 2016 , http :// usacac . army . mil / organizations / mccoe / cal / ldrdevelopment .
19 . Jeffrey Horey et al ., Technical Report 1148 , Competency Based Future Leadership Requirements ( Arlington , VA : United States Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences , 2004 ); Jeffrey Horey et al ., Technical Report 1199 , A Criterion-Related Validation Study of the Army Core Leader Competency Model ( Arlington , VA : U . S . Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences , 2007 ).
20 . Army Doctrine Reference Publication 6-22 , Army Leadership ( Washington , DC : U . S . GPO , 2012 ); Field Manual ( FM ) 6-22 , Leader Development ( Washington , DC : U . S . GPO , 2015 ).
21 . “ Benchmarks for Managers : Assessing the Lessons of Experience ,” Center for Creative Leadership website , accessed 1 December 2016 , https :// www . ccl . org / wp-content / uploads / 2016 / 08 / benchmarks-for-managers-brochure-center-for-creative-leadership . pdf .
22 . The most recently published CASAL report showing a statistically significant relationship between competencies and outcomes is Technical Report 2015-1 , CASAL : Military Leader Findings , 22 .
23 . The first guidance came from Secretary of the Army , “ Army Directive 2011-16 ( Changes to the Army Evaluation Reporting System ),” 15 September 2011 ; the guidance was codified in AR 623-3 , Evaluation Reporting System ( Washington , DC : U . S . GPO , 2015 ); and requires the rater to verify the rated officer has a completed MSAF in accordance with AR 350-1 , Army Training and Leader Development .
24 . Unpublished findings from the 2016 MSAF program evaluation conducted by the CAL , Fort Leavenworth , Kansas .
25 . FM 6-22 , Leader Development .
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