Internet Learning Volume 3, Number 2, Fall 2014 | Page 66

Using Early Warning Signs to Predict Academic Risk in Interactive, Blended Teaching Environments Nicol, D. J., & Boyle, J. T. (2003). Peer Instruction versus Class-wide Discussion in Large Classes: a comparison of two interaction methods in the wired classroom. Studies in Higher Education, 28, 457. Pajares, F. (1996). Self-efficacy beliefs in academic settings. Review of Educational Research, 66(4), 543. Pajares, F., & Miller, M. (1994). Role of self-efficacy and self-concept beliefs in mathematical problem solving: A path analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 86(2), 193–203. Piaget, J., Green, D. R., Ford, M. P., & Flamer, G. B. (1971). The Theory of Stages in Cognitive Development. In In Measurement and Piaget (pp. 1–11). New York: McGraw-Hill. Sessoms, D. (2008). Interactive instruction: Creating interactive learning environments through tomorrow’s teachers. International Journal of Technology in Teaching and Learning, 4(2), 86–96. Vygotsky, L. S. (1998). The collected works of L. S. Vygotsky: Vol.5. Child Psychology. In R. W. Rieber (Ed.), M.J. Hall (Trans.). New York: Plenum Press. Appendix A : Self-efficacy items 1. I have taught or tutored a class before 2. I enjoy learning about science 3. I enjoy learning about physics 4. I often do well in science courses 5. I often do well in non-science courses 6. I identify with students who do well on exams and quizzes in science courses* 7. I expect to receive an A- or higher in this course* 8. I am confident I can do the work required for this course* 9. Doing laboratory experiments and write-ups comes easy to me* 10. I am often able to help my classmates with physics in the laboratory or in section 11. I usually don't worry about my ability to solve physics problems* 12. When I come across a tough physics problem, I work at it until I solve it* 13. I get a sinking feeling when I think of trying to tackle difficult physics problems* 14. I like hearing about questions that other students have about the reading 15. I am usually confident of my answers to the EARS† questions before I talk to a neighbor** 16. I am usually confident that I can convince my neighbor of my answer to EARS questions** 17. I know how to explain my answers to EARS questions in a way that helps others understand my answer** 18. My peers know how to explain their answers to EARS questions in a way that helps me understand their answer** 19. Listening to my neighbors talk about their answers increases my confidence when responding to the same EARS** question a second time 20. Practicing answering EARS questions in class makes it easier for me to do physics problems at home** 21. I can communicate science effectively 22. I can communicate physics effectively 23. I am an outgoing person 24. I often feel compelled to multi-task in science courses 25. I often feel compelled to multi-task in non-science courses * Used in general Self-Efficacy subscale ** Used in Peer Instruction Self-Efficacy subscale † EARS was an early name for Learning Catalytics. 65