International Journal of Indonesian Studies Volume 1, Issue 3 | Page 175

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN STUDIES
SPRING 2016
development of the curriculum being applied in universities and schools. Such a legacy was
then taken over by the Ministry of Education who played the main role of establishing the
legacy of teaching English to Indonesia.
In 1968, an English Language Project was set up by the Ministry of Education which
consisted of two sub-projects: the English Teachers Upgrading Project (ETUP) to upgrade the
junior high school teachers and the English Materials Development Project (EMDP) to
prepare materials for the senior high school.75 This core project then developed further the
dissemination of a number of projects on in-service training and materials development. In
1985, as a follow-up to the former project being supported by many of the U.S universities
in the scholarship schema, the PKG Approach (Pemantapan Kerja Guru—strengthening
teachers works) in ELT at the secondary school was launched which was funded by loans
from the World Bank and UNDP. Further assistance was developed under the schema
provided by the Ford Foundation and Ministry of Educati on to build the Standard Training
Course (STC) in Jogjakarta Central Java and Bukittinggi West Sumatera. STC was a successful
project in which many qualified English teachers were produced. After the decline of
teaching English in the Sukarno era under the threat of the Communist Party, English
teaching in the Suharto era was strongly supported by the U.S government schema through
its Ford Foundation. The popularity of TOEFL compared to IELTS in Indonesia was also a
strong indicator of the American English influence in the development of ELT in Indonesia.
Table 3: English Departments established by State-Owned Universities (1965-1998)76
Year of Establishment

State-Owned Universities

1966

Universitas Gajah Mada, Yogyakarta, Java

1969

Universitas Tanjung Pura, Pontianak, Kalimantan

1976

Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Central Java
IKIP Malang, now Universitas Negeri Malang, East Java

1978

Universitas Mulawarman, Kalimantan

1981

Universitas Tadulako, Palu

1982

Universitas Bengkulu, Sumatera

1983

Universitas Jember, East Java

75

Djojosoekarto, A Study of Several Delopment Factors in the Revision and Updating of the National English
Language Program in Indonesia, 17-27.
76
Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, 2005, Rekapitulasi Perguruan Tinggi dan Program Studi, Jakarta:
Dirjen Dikti; and Majelis Pendidikan Tinggi Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pinpinan PU.Sat Muhammadiyah,
2006, Direktori Perguruan Tinggi Muhammadiyah (PTM): Profil Universitas, Sekolah Tinggi, Politeknik, dan
Akademi Muhammadiyah se-Indonesia, Yogyakarta: Diktilitbang Muhammadiyah, Pp.: 1-56.

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