Arctic Yearbook 2014 | Page 521

521 Arctic Yearbook 2014 pelagic species provide 3 million tons of commercial fishery resources which provide the livelihood for fishermen and are the most important industry in rural communities in the North Atlantic region (Jentoft, 1998; Holm, 2001; Sundby, 2013). Industrial fisheries in the Arctic provide large export incomes and the basic conditions for human settlement in Norway and the Barents region of Russia. The new petroleum activity provides opportunities as well as a great challenge to other human activities such as fisheries, tourism, shipping and outdoor recreation (The Institute for Marine Research, 2010: 1 A; Sande, 2013). These human activities and settlements onshore depend on the human exploitation of the natural resources produced in the ecosystem of the Barents Sea. Figure 2: Ecosystems and management planning by the Norwegian Government: The North Sea, Norwegian Sea and the Barents Sea. Green sea areas: open for petroleum exploration. Yellow sea areas: Temporarily closed for oil drilling. White diagonal striped areas: New area in the Barents Sea for oil drilling in 2013. Red sea areas: Temporary closed for oil-drilling because of ice-conditions or biodiversity reasons. Source: The Norwegian Ministry of Oil and Energy, White Paper nr. 28 2011-2012). Oil Drilling & Ecosystem Management Planning of the Barents Sea