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weather. As such, it improves the NATO’s ability to effectively fight and survive in an
Arctic environment. It is believed, that following the withdrawal from ISAF mission,
NATO is returning to the type of winter warfare drills that were used during the Cold
War. Some of the equipment (for example winter clothes) that were specially prepared
for Afghan mountains will be possible to use also in cold Arctic weather conditions
(Pettersen, T. 2014, March 21). Exercise Cold Response in final phase. Barents Observer.
Retrieved
from
http://barentsobserver.com/en/security/2014/03/exercise-coldresponse-final-phase-21-03).
22. The readiness of Russian navy is being checked by the military exercises. In 2011, Russia
conducted large-scale military exercises of Northern Fleet, which included the only
aircraft carrier “Admiral Kuznetsov”, the Navy’s flagship nuclear-powered heavy cruiser the
"Pyotr Veliky", also submarines, surface vessels, ground force and air force. (Pettersen, T.
2011, September 9). Russian navy flexing muscles in Barents Sea. Barents Observer. Retrieved
from http://barentsobserver.com/en/regions/russian-navy-flexing-muscles-barents-sea .
References
Argumenty i fakty (2014, June 1). Sostav Severnogo flota RF. Infografika (Structure of the Russian
Northern Fleet. Infographics). Argumenty i fakty. Retrieved from
http://www.aif.ru/infographic/1179880.
Arctic.ru (2014). Geography & Population. Retrieved from http://arctic.ru/geography-population.
Baev, P. (2009). Troublemaking and Risk-Taking: The North in Russian Military Activities. In
Rowe, E.,W. (ed.) (2009). Russia and the North (pp. 17-34). Ottawa: University of Ottawa
Press.
BBC News (2013, December 11). Putin orders Russian military to boost Arctic presence. BBC News.
Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-25331156.
Blank, S. (2014, 22 September). Moscow Begins Building a New Black Sea Fleet. Eurasia Daily
Monitor
(The
Jamestown
Foundation).
11(166).
Retrieved
from
http://www.jamestown.org/programs/edm/single/?tx_ttnews[tt_news]=42852&tx_ttne
ws[backPid]=756&no_cache=1#.VCgnKRZr9co.
Bukharin, O. (2006). Russia’s Nuclear Icebreaker Fleet. Routledge: Taylor & Francis Group, pp.2531.
Byers, M. (2014). The Emerging Arctic. Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved from
http://www.cfr.org/arctic/emerging-arctic/p32620#!/?cid=soc-Facebook-in-infoguidethe_emerging_arctic-032514#overview.
Heininen, L., Sergunin, A., Yarovoy, G. (2013, September 30). Russian Military Strategies in the
Arctic.
Valdai
Discussion
Club.
Retrieved
from
http://valdaiclub.com/defense/63263.html.
Humpert, M. (2013). The Future of Arctic Shipping: A New Silk Road for China? Arctic Shipping. The
Arctic Institute. Retrieved from http://www.thearcticinstitute.org.
Isachenkov, V. (2009, March 27). Russia Plans to Create Arctic Military Force. Associated Press
Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/03/27/russia-tocreate-arcticm_n_180157.html.
Keil, K. (2014). Evaluation of the Arctic Shipping Season 2013. The Arctic Institute. Retrieved from
http://www.thearcticinstitute.org/2014/01/evaluation-of-arctic-shipping-season.html.
Russian Military Build-Up in the Arctic