Endnotes
1
Using a different measure, aid measured as a percentage of GDP,
eighteen countries exceed the U.S. commitment. OECD: “Official
Development
Assistance.”
http://stats.oecd.org/wbos/Index.
aspx?DatasetCode=ODA_DONOR.
2 Center for Global Development. Commitment to Development
Index 2007. http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/cdi/#.
Accessed Jun 16, 2008.
3 Author’s calculation based on OECD producer support estimates.
4Environmental
Working Group. “Cotton Subsidies in
the United States.” http://farm.ewg.org/farm/progdetail.
php?fips=00000&progcode=cotton. Accessed June 16, 2008.
5
Oxfam International (2007) Pricing Farmers Out
of Cotton: The Cost of World Bank Reforms in Mali.
http://www.oxfam.org/en/files/bp99_cotton_mali.pdf/download.
6 Reference is to OECD members. Newfarmer, R. (2006) “Through the
Window: Beacons for a Pro-Poor World Trading System.” In Newfarmer,
R. (ed.) Trade, Doha and Development: A Window into the Issues.
7 Roodman, D. (2005) Rich Country Tariffs and Subsidies: Let’s Do the
Numbers. http://www.cgdev.org/files/5350_file_Ta riffs_Subsidies_
Note_Roodman11.pdf.
8 Tariff level as of 1999. Food and Agricultural Organization of the
United Nations (2003) Commodity Market review 2003-2004. http://
www.fao.org/docrep/006/y5117e/y5117e00.htm.
9 World Trade Organization (2001)
Doha
WTO
Ministerial Declaration. http://www.wto.org/English/thewto_e/
minist_e/min01_e/mindecl_e.htm.
10 Polaski, S. (2007) Winners and Losers: Impact of the Doha Round
on Developing Countries. http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/
Winners.Losers.final2.pdf.
11 Bouet. A, Mevel, S., and Orden D. (2006) Two Opportunities to
Deliver on the Doha Development Pledge. http://www.ifpri.cgiar.org/
pubs/ib/rb06.pdf.
12 World Bank (2008) Addressing the Food Crisis: The Need for
Rapid and Coordinated Action. http://www.worldbank.org/html/
extdr/foodprices/pdf/G8_food%20price%20paper.pdf.
13 World Bank (2008) Rising Food Prices: Policy Options and World
Bank Response (fig. 1); OECD-FAO (2008). OECD-FAO Agricultural
Outlook 2008-2017. http://www.agri-outlook.org.
14 World Bank (2008) World Bank Assistance to Agriculture in subSaharan Africa: An IEG Review. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/
EXTASSAGRSUBSAHAFR/Resources/ag_africa_eval.pdf.
15 Taylor M. and Howard, J. (2005) Investing in Africa’s
Future: U.S. Agricultural Development Assistance for subSaharan Africa. http://www.africanhunger.org/uploads/articles/
ab119510183f8e254629783f67ea6abe.pdf.
16 Clemens, M. and Bazzi, S. (2008). Don’t Close the Golden Door:
Our Noisy Debate on Immigration and Its Deathly Silence on
Development. http://www.cgdev.org/files/16129_file_Migration_and_
Development.pdf.
17 Ratha, D. et. al. Migration and Remittances Factbook:
“Philippines.” http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPROSPECTS/
Resources/334934-1199807908806/Philippines.pdf; World Bank
(2008) World Development Indicators.
www.bread.org
18
Terrazas, A. Et. al. (2007) “Frequently Requested Statistics on
Immigrants in the United States.” http://www.migrationinformation.
org/USfocus/display.cfm?id=649#7. Accessed 16 June 2008.
19 U.S. Government Accountability Office (2006). Illegal Immigration:
Border Crossing Deaths Have More Than Doubled Since 1995; Border
Patrol Efforts to Prevent Deaths Have Not Been Fully Evaluated.
http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d06770.pdf.
20 Anderson, K. and Winters, L.(2008) The Challenge of Reducing
International Trade and Migration Barriers. http://www-wds.
worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/2008/
04/17/000158349_20080417085829/Rendered/PDF/wps4598.pdf.
21 Ratha, D., et. al. (2007) Migration and Development Brief #3:
Remittance Trends 2007. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/
EXTDECPROSPECTS/Resources/476882-1157133580628/
BriefingNote3.pdf; OECD: “Official Development Assistance.” http://
stats.oecd.org/wbos/Index.aspx?DatasetCode=ODA_DONOR.
22 Migration Policy Institute. “United States: Stock of foreign-born
Populations by Country of Birth, 1995-2006 (in thousands).” http://
www.migrationinformation.org/datahub/countrydata/data.cfm.
23 Passel. J. (2006) The Size and Characteristics of the Unauthorized
Migrant Population in the U.S.: Estimates Based on the March 2005
Current Population Survey. http://pewhispanic.org/files/reports/61.pdf.
24 World Bank (2004) Poverty In Mexico: An Assessment of Conditions,
Trends, and Government Strategy. http://www-wds.worldbank.org/
external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2004/07/13/000012
009_20040713141715/Rendered/PDF/286120ME.pdf.
25 World Bank (2007) World Development Indicators.
26 The Hudson Institute (2008) Index of Global Philanthropy 2008.
http://gpr.hudson.org/files/publications/GlobalPhilanthropy.pdf.
27 International Organization on Migration (2006). World Migration:
2005: Costs and Benefits of Migration.
28 The White House (2004) “Fact Sheet: Lowering the
Cost of Remittances.” http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/
releases/2004/01/20040113-7.html. Accessed July 16, 2008.
29 The United States President’s Emergency Plan for Aid Relief: “The
Power of Partnerships: Latest PEPFAR Results.” http://www.pepfar.
gov/press/106290.htm. Accessed July 23, 2008.
30 Blouin, C. (2007) “Trade Policy and Health: from conflicting interests
to policy coherence.” Bulletin of the World Health Organization (85)
169.
31 Millennium Task Force (2005) Trade for Development. UN
Millennium Project. 2005. Trade for Development. http://www.
unmillenniumproject.org/documents/TF9-trade-complete.pdf.
32 Sell, S. (2007) “TRIPS-Plus Free Trade Agreements and Access to
Medicines.” Liverpool Law Review (28) 41.
33 Oxfam International (2002) Rigged Rules and Double Standards:
Trade, Globalization, and the Fight Against Poverty. http://
publications.oxfam.org.uk/oxfam/display.asp?isbn=0855985259.
34 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) Climate
Change 2007: Synthesis Report: Summary for Policy Makers. http://
www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr_spm.pdf.
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